Generacion 48 - 694 Words

Grammar Homework maria alejandra melo TO THE VIRGINS, TO MAKE MUCH OF TIME and TO HIS COY MISTRESS PAGE 271 Exercise 1-7 1. In â€Å"To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time† and â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† what do Herrick and Marvell say about time and its effects on youth and beauty? Herrick’s poem is a warning to young, beautiful, unmarried women to make the most of their time and marry young. He does not address it to any particular woman, other than young virgins. He uses to metaphor to compare the womens youthful beauty to flowers that will begin to die as they age. Meanwhile, Marvells poem is a bit more personal. Its actually a seduction poem and the narrator is speaking directly to his coy (shy) mistress. He is basically†¦show more content†¦* The use of the word â€Å"all† in line 41 is, almost by definition, an example of hyperbole. * The use of the verb â€Å"tear† in line 43 also sounds hyperbolic. 5. The image of the sun appears in both â€Å"To the Virgins† (line 5) and â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† (line 45). How does each poet use the reference to the sun? How would you paraphrase the last two lines of Marvell’s â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†? In both poems there is a sense of urgency. Certainly, the theme of carpe diem is in Herricks verse as he utilizes the sun and its measure of a day as a metaphor for the swift passage of time. Even though Herrick and Marvell take different approaches toward the sun as a timekeeper, both their poems stress the need to enjoy love while there is yet time. 6. In two or three sentences, explain how the difficult existence described in â€Å"Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread† (see the Connection on page 269) corresponds to your previous notion of life in the late 1500s. In light of this information, what is surprising—or, perhaps, not surprising—about the visions of life presented in the pastoral poems you have just read? Give us this day our daily bread is from the Bible. It is from Matthew 6:11. The prayer is asking God to provide people with the simple things they need for day to day living. Life in the late 1500s was very hard and people wanted for food. 7. Herrick, in â€Å"To the Virgins,† and Marvell,Show MoreRelatedCost Management7927 Words   |  32 Pagesoperativo Resultado neto antes impuestos Inventario Activos totales Pasivo largo plazo Capital acumulado (patrimonio neto) 69 22 4 26 43 18 16 34 9 5 10 39 21 9 1999 81 18 6 24 57 27 20 47 10 6 19 43 23 12 2000 95 18 7 25 70 27 20 47 10 6 23 48 19 19 2001 112 15 8 23 89 50 27 77 12 7 29 50 17 24 Cuadro 2.- Informacià ³n comparativa ( como porcentaje del total del sector industrial) aà ±os 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 ventas 4,7 4,8 4,9 5,0 6,0 6,4 7,0 7,2 8,6 9Read MoreBayer Ag Children ´S Aspirin Swot Analysis19361 Words   |  78 Pages Anà ¡lisis de la industria 44 4.2.1. Oportunidades 46 4.2.2. Amenazas 47 4.2.3. Tendencias y retos de la industria farmacà ©utica 47 4.3. Anà ¡lisis competitivo 48 4.3.1. Modelo de 5 fuerzas laboratorios de patente 48 4.3.1.1. Rivalidad entre empresas competidoras 49 4.3.1.2. Entrada potencial de nuevos competidores 49 4.3.1.3. Desarrollo potencial de productos sustitutos 49 4.3.1.4. Poder de negociacià ³n de los proveedoresRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36918 Words   |  148 Pagesconsulting services Power line voice and data communication For more details about each line of business, see ENDESA’s English-language web site at http://www.endesa.es/english/. Figure 2 Lines of Business and Organization Structure of ENDESA ENDESA GENERACIÓN manages the generating and mining assets of ENDESA in Spain. It aims to compete with better quantity, quality, and prices in the electricity generation market. A major part of the value creation comes from the easy access to raw materials; fromRead MoreCase Study for Management Accounting36912 Words   |  148 Pagesservices Power line voice and data communication For more details about each line of business, see ENDESA’s English-language web site at http://www.endesa.es/english/. Figure 2 Lines of Business and Organization Structure of ENDESA ENDESA GENERACIÓN manages the generating and mining assets of ENDESA in Spain. It aims to compete with better quantity, quality, and prices in the electricity generation market. A major part of the value creation comes from the easy access to raw materials; from

The Human Lifespan Is Full Of Growth And Development

Morgan Howard PSY 2023- Developmental Psychology Professor Hanselman-Scott 26 April 2015 The human lifespan is full of growth and development. Lifespan development is categorized into five major stages, which are the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. While physical changes are obvious, we also develop in less obvious ways, such as cognitively and socially. Development begins during the prenatal period. This developmental stage begins as soon as the sperm meets the egg and fertilization occurs. During this period, the mother’s diet, age, and drug use can have a major effect on the fetus. Cognitive functions can be affected by the drug and alcohol use of the mother. An example of this is seen in a child with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. A child with FASD may have a poor memory, difficulty paying attention, and/or language delays (â€Å"Alcohol Use in Pregnancy†). The mother’s use of drugs and alcohol can also lead to difficulty dealing with multiple stimuli and forming attachments. Intelligence and certain personali ty traits may be partially determined during this time. The prenatal period ends with the birth of the infant. During infancy, infants experience many cognitive changes. Infants begin to express curiosity and explore their surroundings. They may do this by reaching and grasping for objects that interest them, or by wiggling and crawling towards an interesting object. Jean Piaget studied cognitive development from infancy throughShow MoreRelatedLifespan Development1516 Words   |  7 PagesLifespan Development and Personality Luis Cervantes PSY/103 January 11, 2016 Susanne Nishino Lifespan Development and Personality Developmental psychology is the study of how human beings age and transform throughout the eight major stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early childhood 1-6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growthRead MoreLifespan Development : Cognitive, And Personal And Social Development1717 Words   |  7 PagesLifespan Psychology Introduction Lifespan Development is the field of study that examines patterns, modes of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire lifespan of an individual. There are so many things to keep in mind about Lifespan Psychology; 1. Lifespan Psychology is a scientific, developmental approach that focuses on human development. 2. Scientists who study the lifespan know that neither heredity nor environment alone can account for the full range of humanRead MoreCurrent Perspectives Of Psychology And Human Development Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesIndividual Development Narrative discusses various factors relating to theories of lifespan development from birth through to my adolescent stage. This includes looking at the understanding and major theoretical perspectives of psychology and human development, its process and the influences of domains on human development across the lifespan and how they interrelate. The domains of development including Physical, Cognitive, Emotional and Socio-cultural /or moral. Also some of the human lifespan stagesRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Development1060 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of human development deliver a framework to deliberate human growth, development, and learning. 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Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. Thus, my professional perspective can best beRead MoreThe Scope Of Population Ecology1637 Words   |  7 Pagesguppies per liter of water in a stream. 3. Explain how ecologists measure species density. †¢ Ecologists have baselines of approximate population densities for many organisms. For example, a baseline would be the estimate of 4 deer per square kilometer. A full count is another way ecologists measure species density, by making counts of large organisms in small areas and then estimating a total density. For animals that migrate throughout the year ecologists use a capture-recapture method, by which theyRead MoreHuman Development,Family and Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesHUMAN DEVELOPMENT, FAMILY AND SOCIETY Author: S.Aswathi – I MBA SSM School of Management, Komarapalayam. Co-Author: A.Pravinth – I MBA SSM School of Management, Komarapalayam. ABSTRACT This paper gives an overview of Human development, family and society from three angles via., biology, psychology and humanity. In biological terms, this entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being. Whereas in terms of psychology, it refers to the gradual accumulation of knowledge and is theRead MoreObservation of Child Growth Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction red - Development blue – Conclusion orange Individualism– Giving priority to one’s own goals over group          goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes          rather than group identification.       For the first time in my life I am being an individualist. I am giving greater priority to my own personal goals. I honestly don’t know what I was thinking changing careers at the age of 42 but I am determined to get my nursing degree. For the next 2 years it will be

Cra and Financial Crisis Free Essays

string(39) " that supply was artificially lowered\." Table of Content Introduction2 Real-life examples2 Empirical cycle2 Other concepts of Babbie, Gravetter and Forzano applied2 Conclusion2 References2 Introduction The burst of the United States housing market bubble initiated the worldwide financial crisis. Amongst all housing regulations, the community reinvestment act (CRA) may be the most significant. The act passed in 1977 to improve low-income households’ housing opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Cra and Financial Crisis or any similar topic only for you Order Now As such, the act raised the incentives for banks to provide mortgages to low-income households (FFIEC, n. d. ). Over time, several political administrations, like the George H. W. Bush-, Clinton- and George W. Bush-administration, changed the original act, adapting to new challenges in the housing market (Braunstein, 2008). However, as time passed, the act became less important for banks, as the products, mortgages, became more profitable. As a result, more and more financial institutions started offering mortgages to low-income classes. These so called subprime mortgages are often associated with high risks (Aalbers, 2009). This point of view can be concluded with the hypothesis that the CRA will be seen as a cause of the financial crisis. Firstly, the different opinions and their respective arguments with regard to the hypothesis are illustrated. Secondly, an explanation is given on how these examples fit in the empirical cycle. Thirdly, three other concepts of Babbie, Gravetter and Forzano are applied to the examples. Finally, a conclusion is drawn with respect to the examples. Real-life examples As a result of the CRA, banks were rated, based on the number of loans given out to low-income households. A bad rating could have had severe consequences for a bank. The fact that the FED did not allow a Hartford, Connecticut bank to acquire a New Hampshire bank on CRA grounds demonstrates this. In order to keep their CRA ratings high, banks had to provide low-income classes with loans. In essence it can be said that the CRA ratings raised the banks’ incentives to provide low-income households with loans (Carney, 2009a). It can clearly be seen that the enforcement of the CRA over time led to a relaxation of lending standards and consequentially to more risk-taking in the banking sector in the form of mortgages. These high-risk mortgages are now seen as part of the problem. Thus, Carney (2009b) concludes, the CRA is part of the cause of the financial crisis. Carney agrees with the hypothesis. Defendants of the CRA simply claim that an act passed in 1977 cannot lead to the creation of a housing bubble in the early 21st century. Nevertheless, the CRA was not a static piece of legislation. The act evolved over the years, as it was mentioned earlier in the introduction. To be more specific, it was more and more enforced over the years. As a conclusion it can be said that the enforcement of the CRA might have been crucial in creating the housing bubble. Therefore the act could have created a housing bubble in the early 21st century (Carney, 2009a). However, Aalbers (2009) also argues in favor of the CRA and tries to falsify the hypothesis. He states that the majority of subprime loans in 2006 were provided by non-bank lenders. These non-bank lenders, however, were not subject to CRA regulations and thus were not obliged to provide affordable loans to low-income classes. The only logical conclusion that can be drawn from this information is that these loans to low-income classes were an attractive investment. Thus, Aalbers says, the CRA was not the cause of the high-risk mortgages providence to low-income households by banks. By clearly, Aalbers would reject the hypothesis that the CRA was a cause of the financial bubble. Nonetheless, his argumentation has to be questioned. In 1977 most of the loans and mortgages were provided by banks as well as savings and loan associations. The extra mortgages that were provided as a result of the CRA probably increased the demand for houses, which in turn resulted in an inflation of housing prices. Several years later, due to rising housing prices, subprime mortgages became a more attractive investment for financial institutions. Consequently, the majority of loans issued since the inception of the CRA came from nonbanks that deemed mortgages a good investment. In other words, the CRA created major lending opportunities for financial institutions (Kroszner, 2009). Since the CRA initiated the inflation of housing prices to some extent, it can be argued that the CRA can be hold partly responsible for the creation of the housing bubble. This theory should verify the hypothesis. This argumentation has to be investigated further. As Foote et al. ’s (2008) research concludes, housing price data in Massachusetts reveals that around 70% of all homes lost to foreclosure were actually purchased with prime mortgages. From that information Aalbers (2009) derives that most loans were not used for directly financing new homes, but rather refinancing existing loans. Hence, Aalbers insinuates that the extra mortgage lending as a result of the CRA did not cause a rise in housing prices. That information implies that the CRA was not a cause of the creation or inflation of the United States housing bubble. Clearly, this would reject the hypothesis. Nonetheless, Aalbers’ argumentation contains two pitfalls. First, his argumentation solely rests on inductive reasoning. Massachusetts is just one small part of the United States of America. Without any supportive data to back up the thesis that the Massachusetts housing market is representative of the whole nation’s housing market, it has to be concluded that Aalbers overgeneralizes the statistical data provided by Foote et al. As Babbie (2005) mentions, overgeneralization can lead to misdirection or rendering of inquiry. Due to this fact Aalbers’ argumentation is questionable. Second, even if the study of Foote et al. 2008) were representative, Aalbers failed to acknowledge the other side of the medal: The supply side, as it is not in favor of his opinion. If the CRA-related loans were used to refinance homes only, it would strongly affect the supply side of the housing market in the way that supply was artificially lowered. You read "Cra and Financial Crisis" in category "Papers" Homes were occupied that otherwise would not have been, driving up the prices of real estate. Aalbers falls victim to the fallacy of selective observation. He only looks at the effects of the CRA on the demand-side. Looking at the supply-side would not support his theory and point of view on the topic. That makes this observation a selective one. Empirical cycle This debate fits in the empirical cycle in the way that it started with an observation: The burst of the housing bubble. Consequentially different hypotheses and theories where formulated and tested by reasoning and correlation. As markets nowadays are very complex phenomena, it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between several factors of this system. In spite of that it is possible to use logical reasoning and correlation between these factors to hint at the correctness of a thesis. For example, it can be investigated how many subprime loans were CRA-related. A different question that can be posed is how these CRA-related subprime loans performed against other loans (Kroszner, 2009). The answers to these questions could give an idea of the causal relation between the CRA and the financial crisis. After testing the hypothesis, a new hypothesis and theory might be formulated until a conclusive theory is found. Nevertheless, Kroszner himself admitted the existence of a lack of data to get conclusive answers to the previously mentioned questions. For the empirical cycle, this lack of data means it is very hard to reject or not reject theses, obstructing the formulation of new theses and theories. Other concepts of Babbie, Gravetter and Forzano applied The empirical cycle is not the only concept of Babbie (2005), Gravetter and Forzano (2009) which can be applied to the examples. Another concept that can be applied apart from the empirical cycle is the concept of authority. Carney (2009a), who was mentioned earlier in this paper, started out as a strong defendant of the CRA. He did change his mind though, relying on, among others, the FED Governor Meyer. Since Carney used a quotation of Meyer, it can be concluded that Meyer is a person with authority and strong references in the field of economics. Babbie, Gravetter and Forzano define authority as a person with strong references in certain fields. Authority is used as a source for knowledge and can be referred to. Gravetter and Forzano (2009, p. 11) define rationalism as the search for â€Å"answers by the use of logical reasoning†. This is exactly what Carney (2009b) does to come to the conclusion that the CRA was a cause of the financial crisis. He reasons that the CRA raised the banks’ incentives to provide low-income households with mortgages. These financial products are now seen as a cause of the housing bubble, which caused the financial crisis. Therefore, Carney concludes, the CRA is a cause of the financial crisis. Theory is described by Babbie (2005, p. 12) â€Å"as a systematic explanation for the observations that relates to a particular aspect of life†. This implies that the argumentations used by Carney (2009a, b), Aalbers (2009) and Kroszner (2009) are parts of different theories as they explain how the CRA caused or did not cause a housing bubble. Conclusion As shown in this paper, there is a huge debate about whether the CRA was a cause of the financial crisis. As Carney (2009b) pointed out, the CRA raised the banks’ incentives to issue risky loans. Critics, however, state that an act passed in 1977 cannot create a housing bubble in the early 21st century. Nevertheless, the act was enforced several times, which implies that an enforcement of the CRA might have a causal relation with the financial crisis. Aalbers (2009) argues also in favor of the CRA: he points out that most subprime mortgages were provided by non-CRA-related institutions. Despite that fact, Kroszner (2009) says there is no reason to believe CRA is not to be blamed. He mentions that the inception of the act increased the demand for mortgages and consequentially, houses. According to Kroszner, this was the start of the housing bubbles. Aalbers on his turn argues that the vast majority of houses bought in Massachusetts was financed with prime mortgages. He concludes that this provides evidence in order for the CRA not be labeled a cause of the crisis. Nonetheless, Aalbers argumentation contains two fallacies. First, he uses inductive reasoning which results in overgeneralization without supportive data. Second, he uses selective observation by ignoring the supply-side of the market. This whole debate fits in the empirical cycle in a way that it started with an observation which was followed by many theses. After the formulation of these theses they were tested by logical reasoning and correlation. As a final step, new theses theories will be formulated. However, this step is obstructed heavily by a lack of data. Other concepts of Babbie (2005), Gravetter and Forzano (2009) can also be applied to the examples. Meyer has authority in Carney’s argumentation, logical reasoning is used by Carney to come to the conclusion that the CRA was a cause of the crisis and the argumentations used by Carney, Aalbers and Kroszner are all parts of theories, described by Babbie, Gravetter and Forzano. References Aalbers, M. (2009). Why the Community Reinvestment Act cannot be blamed for the subprime crisis. City amp; Community, 8 (3): 346-350. Babbie, E. (2005). The Basics of Social Research (3rd ed. ). Belmont: Thomson Wads worth. Braunstein, S. (2008). The Community Reinvestment Act, 13 February 2008. Retrieved 20 January 2010 from: http://www. federalreserve. gov/newsevents/testimony/braunstein20080213a. htm Carney, J. (2009a). Here’s how the Community Reinvestment Act led to the housing bubble’s lax lending, June 27, 2009. Retrieved 15 January, 2010 from ttp://www. businessinsider. com/the-cra-debate-a-users-guide-2009-6 Carney, J. (2009b). Sorry, folks, the CRA really did require crap lending standards, June 23, 2009. Retrieved 15 January, 2010 from http://www. businessinsider. com/sorry-folks-the-cra-really-did-require-crap-lending-standards-2009-6 FFIEC, (n. d. ). Community Reinvestment Act. Retrieved 20 January 2010 from: http://www. ffiec. gov/CRA/ Foote, C. , Gerardi, K. , Goette, L. amp; Willen, P. , (2008). Journal of Housing Economics, 17: 291-305. Retrieved 19 January 2010 from: http://www. sciencedirect. om/science? _ob=MImgamp;_imagekey=B6WJR-4TN0KW9-1-Namp;_cdi=6885amp;_user=499911amp;_orig=searchamp;_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2008amp;_sk=999829995amp;view=camp;wchp=dGLbVtb-zSkzkamp;md5=f93e4616adcb03662bac8ef89298dcdcamp;ie=/sdarticle. pdf Gravetter, F. amp; Forzano, L. (2009). Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (3rd ed. ). Belmont: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Kroszner, R. (2009). The Community Reinvestment Act and the recent mortgage crisis. Retrieved 15 January, 2010 from http://www. frbsf. org/publications/community/cra/cra_recent_mortgage_crisis. pdf How to cite Cra and Financial Crisis, Papers

Human Resource Plan free essay sample

Abstract Planning is important in our everyday life. Similarly planning in Human Resource (HR) is significant for an organization wishing to be successful. It is vital for attaining competitive edge in the market. Mostly top management fails to use HR Department more than as administrative support because they don’t realize its importance in managing the most crucial asset of the organization i. e. Human Resource (Rothwell, W. J and Kazanas, H. C. , 2002). In this paper an HR Plan has been formulated for getting a practical view of Human Resource Planning. Super Mart is an American company dealing in chain of departmental stores. Founded in 1972, it is the largest private employer and grocery retailer in United States. It owns 20% of the market share. It is functional across globe in U. K, Mexico, Argentina, China, South America, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Canada, Japan, Germany and South Korea. The company’s main competitor includes American Superstore, Sellers and Canada’s PurchaseKo (Frank, 2006). Super Mart has developed a frugal culture. The company’s aim has been to keep the prices low and also maintain the cutting-edge technology, a frugal corporate culture and a drive to make suppliers sell merchandise at cheaper prices. The employees are expected to keep the expenses at bare minimum. This shows in the meager salary and health facilities provided to the employees. The culture is present at the Headquarter also which is situated in a suburban location of Arkansas rather than New York. Its executives use coaches and don’t drive limousines and share hotel rooms. They come early, go late and work half day on Saturdays. The company’s main aim is delivering to customers at low cost which shows in its work culture as well (Wilbert, n. d. ). For its internal communication Super Mart has recruited 300 HR personnel, whose job is to communicate the business objectives and growth opportunities to the employees. There also has been an integration of human resource practices with all business strategies for ensuring that all the employees are moving in same direction. An Ethics hotline has been developed where all the ethical issues are reported and promptly investigated (Wal-Mart’s new Communication Plan, 2007). The company has also updated its website to include all issues and controversies. The answer to the question as to why an employee will choose Super Mart as its employer lies in its brand value. Super Mart has 270 stores across America and has global presence. Its initiative in health care and employee benefits are gaining praise. Super Mart has realized that it is successful if its employees are happy, especially as it belongs to service sector, which spells good news for the employees. Recruitment and Selection Recruitment is an important aspect for planning manpower. The recruitment process has been divided into four stages i. e. search plan, selection techniques, timetable and recruitment budget (Human resource Planning, 2006) Search Plan: For attracting the potential employees, media tools like advertising, visits at university and job exhibition are planned. This process is carried on for a period of one month. Selection Techniques: First job specification is designed for a particular position, say for front office employee. Educational Qualification: 10+2 or Graduate Age limit: 25- 30 Qualities: Good communication skills, ready to work in shifts, adaptable to situations, customer friendly and persuasive and eye for detail. On the basis of the above specifications, candidates are shot listed and interviewed. The successful candidates are recommended and unsuccessful candidates are thanked and send back. The selection decision is detained with the area manager only. Timetable: The recruitment and selection process is spread over for four months, from January to April. The recruitment budget covering the advertisement, assessment of applications, interviews and reference checks of employees have been estimated around 2lac. The job description and interview questions have been provided in the appendix. Compensation and Benefits For determining compensation for various posts’ salary, survey is carried out. For making correct comparison, not only matching the job title but matching job duties and responsibilities is also essential. Salary is decided by considering labor market characteristics and cost of living (HR Planning, n. . ). Going by the example taken in this paper for fixing salary for front office employees, their job description is reviewed. Also other components apart from basic salary like traveling allowance and extra pay for overtime have been included (see appendix). Performance Management The performance appraisal of employees is an essential process to keep the employees in check as well as monitor the quality of work. It also provides avenues for development based on feedback and lacunae are identified. Here, as the employees in consideration are front office employees, a simple tool for performance management is selected as the Rating Scale Method. As only basic qualities are expected out of the employees and no technical or high expertises are required, a simple technique like Rating Scale is preferable. In rating scale, the appraiser is asked to rate individual employee on the basis of qualities identified like communication skills, customer feedback, product knowledge, attitude etc. (Sturo, J. , 2006). Employees are ranked on the basis of points assigned to them. Training Program Training is an integral part of HR activity. It is provided not only to new employees but also to the existing employees due to the technological changes or change in ways of marketing or introduction of any new methodology at work. The front office workers are provided training in communication and product knowledge. Certain level of computer education is also given for handling the billing job. The training period lasts for two weeks which includes lectures and simulation program. At the end of the training program, new employees are kept on a probation period of one month where their performance is monitored. Employees showing lack of any learning or scope of improvement are discharged. Retention Program A lot of revenue and time is devoted towards recruiting and selecting people for any position. The story doesn’t end here. The new employee is trained and becomes productive only after a month or so. This adds further to the expenses. Thus, loosing an employee in a short duration after putting so much of money into his/her development becomes uneconomical. This spells more damage for service sector companies because being intangible form of product customers symbolize their experience as equivalent to the standard of service offered. And front office staff is the key to this satisfaction in a big way. Thus, in order to retain the employees, various retention techniques should be adopted, for example incentives for being rated at the top of performance appraisal for consecutive three times, awards for most punctual and well dressed employees, having a star system where employees are given a star badge if he/she has received five positive customer feedback in a month etc. Super Mart is an American Company with global presence. But throughout the years, it is having an approach of ignoring the human resource development by following a frugal system. But with the changing time, it has realized that the best way to succeed is to have happy employees. Keeping this in mind, it has come up with an HR plan which covers areas of recruitment, compensation and benefits, training, performance benefits and retention programs. Hope it will bring smiles for the employees as well as the company in the future. Appendix Job Description: Working hour is 24/7 divided in shifts of 6 hours on a rotational basis. Employees should have good communication skills and identifying products Employees will be expected to deal with customers with patience Assisting customer with making right purchase choice and managing customer flow. Politeness and earnestness to help are other desirable qualities. Interview Questions: Tell me something about yourself? Have you ever lost your cool? When and why? Describe any random product’s features. Compensation Description Basic salary: 9000 Conveyance: 500 For overtime: 500 Total salary: 10,000 Rating Scale for Front Office Employee

20 Writing Mistakes Even Native Speakers Make

Writing is not a very easy task and requires immense learning and practice. If you are a writer by profession and make mistakes quite often, do not worry because there are certain grammatical mistakes that even native speakers make. Following are 20 most common mistakes that almost everyone make: Me and I The use of ‘me’ and ‘I’ in any sentence could be mistaken quite often. Both of these words are correct to use but you have to recognize which one fits well in the sentence. ‘Alex and me are going out for dinner’ is incorrect but ‘Alex and I are going out for dinner’ fits well so you can recognize this by reading it. Lose and loose The difference between both is that lose is a verb which expresses the loss of something while loose is an adjective which means released from attachment or not bounded together. While a few writers mistakenly add an extra ‘o’, majority confuse both the words and so here is the difference between both. Its and it’s Both are correct in their own context but writing experts suggests people to avoid the latter because of being categorized as a slang word. ‘It’s’ is a short form of it is which is to be used in a different manner from its. In simpler words, ‘its’ is a possessive pronoun! There, their and they’re Many writers unintentionally confuse these three words for each other which is not a flaw within you. There is an adverb, there is a possessive pronoun and they’re is simply a short form of they are. Whose and who’s The former is a possessive form of who while the latter is a short form of who is so you must keep this in mind. Students are often aware of this difference but still forget when it is time to apply. Your vs. You’re Your is a possessive pronoun and is used formally in almost every formal situation while you’re is a slang of you are. While in a hurry, people might interchange these terms with one another. Write and right As a college student, you must be aware of the differences between the two terms but confusing these words is common when in hurry. Write is a verb and right is an adjective so make sure you use them wisely in your writing. Effect and affect Former is a noun which means a result while latter is a verb which means to act on. Accept and except Accept is a verb which means to take or receive while except is a preposition which means excluding. Gone and went Gone is the past participle while went is the past tense of ‘to go’. Comma splice You must have made a mistake when two independent clauses are linked with only a comma in between which violates the rules of English. Hear and Here Here is an adverb while hear is verb so use both of these similar words carefully when writing. Irregardless and regardless A common mistake that some native speakers even made was the use of irregardless instead of regardless. Irregardless is not any word in the dictionary! Plural form and apostrophe Students often use the apostrophe in an incorrect manner due to which a word does not changes into plural. For example, a lot of cats instead of ‘a lot of cat’s’ can define this point. Use of prepositions inappropriately Another mistake that even native speakers make is the use of prepositions incorrectly, Dangling participle A mistake that can completely change the meaning and flow of your writing is dangling participle. Two, too and to With to as a preposition, too as an adverb and two as Noun, students often mistake one of these words with the people. Then and than Then is an adverb which means immediately or soon afterwards while than is used after comparative adjectives. Were, where and we’re Were is a past tense of ‘to be’, where is an adverb while we’re is a short form of we are. Could have and could of A common argument that remains between native speakers and foreigners is that could of is very close to could have so they confuse both.

Communicate with animal essays

Communicate with animal essays Its so amazing to know that animal can communicate with human. I think a lot of people would surprise to know that, but its not a baseless parlance because we can see an example from Koko who has been taught to use American Sign Language by an institution called Gorilla Foundation. Right now Koko can use more than one thousand signs for food, drink and more. Since we have had a successful example on exploiting Kokos ability, we should have confidence to exploit other animals besides Koko. So, I think we should spend money and time to try to communicate with animals such as Koko the gorilla because knowing the ideas from animals is an amazing investigation; in contrast, it can raise peoples awareness of animal protection and it would probably become a great tourism business within years. The importance of protecting animals can be learnt by communicating with animals. Biologists claim that the difference between animals and human beings is human can analyze and communicate with their fellow creatures. Before the process of evolution, humans were as alike as any kind of ape or gorilla, except for the difference in the brain. After ages and ages, human has become the smartest creature in the earth. As time passed by, people dont remember their position in the nature anymore. We try to improve our living standard and ignore the existence of other animals. Our strength has been shown to the nature by harming other creatures and eventually the natural world is no longer balance now. Some species are in danger of extinction. Did they deserve to be extinct? Why should we deprive them of their right of living on the earth? Didnt the animals and we use to be the same? Thats because they are not able to say no or to fight against us. Accordingly, the animals can be protected if we can communicate with them. Teaching gorilla American Sign Language is the fir ...

Managing Employees Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing Employees Relations - Essay Example Models of Employee Relationships The models of employee relationships hovers basically around two approaches-individualism and collectivism. In the individualistic approach focus is rendered on the development of the productive capacity of individual employees in the concern. The development of the employees on an individual network can be accomplished through formal training approaches or through motivating the people through financial or other rewards to render productivity to the concern. This practice helps at enhancing both the commitment and loyalty of the employees working in the concern. Similarly the workers can be called for participation in the decision making activities in the concern. This helps in the enhancement of participative management in the concern. In contrast to the individualism approach the organisations also work on the collectivism approach that depends on a great extent on the existence of trade union bodies. Through the existence of trade union bodies the organisations can encourage the employees to take part in decision making activities regarding such events that tend to directly have impact on them. Like the trade unions can be encouraged by the human resources managers of the concern to collectively bargain with the employees in regards to their wage and employment needs (Purcell, 1987, p.536, 538). In regards to the above discussion the paper focuses to understand the employee relation practices employed at ACME in regards to the various events involving the employees of the concern. Identification of the Management Style Used by ACME Recruitment The management style of ACME in the recruitment process focuses not only on the experiences of the candidate but also on the knowledge potential of the person that would be helpful to serve the concern. Moreover the recruitment process also involves the incorporation of a psychometric test that not only gauges the potential of the individual but also helps the managers in gauging the i ndividual based on different situations. Again recommendations from the family circle of employees is not entertained rather friends or colleagues of employees working in like position are called for interview. A major chunk of the potential roles in the organization are filled in by internal people. Though the management focuses on engaging fresh blood from the society for the primary roles the bigger posts are filled in by people working previously in the organization. This recruitment process entailed by the organization is justified in that it aims to evaluate the skills and aptitude of the people or the interviewees in relation to the posts created in the concern. This helps in effectively matching the ability of the workers to the needs of the concern. Moreover the use of psychometric tests in the organization also helps in conforming the skill sets of the employee along with rightly judging the personality traits of the individual needed to match the concern’

Failures in Scope Control when Developing a Web Portal for EBazar.com Essay

Failures in Scope Control when Developing a Web Portal for EBazar.com - Essay Example Problems have emerged, however, that have not allowed the projects to progress smoothly into phases of development that are needed to stay current and continue to evolve in relationship to trends and competition. The problem of scope has been determined to be the primary issue in developing IT projects for the firm, scope creep being a serious issue as every project for IT expansion has experienced change that comes from allowing individual departments the ability to add to the project in ways that lay decidedly outside of their original scope. The following report discusses how scope and the consequences of scope in relationship to time and cost are relevant to the efficient development of projects under the project manager for the firm. Without developing good practices in quality project management in relationship to defining and maintaining scope, the past problems will continue to plague future projects for EBazar.com and the position of project manager will be operating at a lo wer level of quality that is needed to serve the needs of the project. 2. Web-Portal Project A web portal is defined as a way for business to create a consistency in how their site operates, providing for procedures that use multiple applications and databases which would not otherwise be able to be tied together. Web portals are classified generally in two different states: either horizontal or vertical. A horizontal portal provides for several entities to be tied together within the website space. A vertical portal, which can also be termed a ‘vortal’, is specific entry into information that is relevant to a set of related topics, or even just one specific topic. This can also be defined by the concept of the vertical information portal (VIP) which will provide news and editorial content, publications, and e-commerce together through the use of dynamic multi-media applications which include blogging and social networking (Lazar 2001, p. 4). The purpose of creating a w eb portal is to allow a user to have multiple accesses to the site through a single sign-in function. Aggregation of content is an important part of the efficiency with which a website works, which is essential for an e-commerce operation. Through designing this portal for EBazar.com, the gap between the company and the consumer will be reduced, allowing smoother operations to produce higher firm performance (Al Zabar 2008, p. 12). 2.1Ready Made Versus Custom Design One of the most important problems to be addressed in creating a web portal is in making sure that it provides control of access to data that is presented available to the consumer. The heart of control for a web portal is the ability to customize the use of widgets so that content users can create customization without compromising speed and security. When using ASP.NET, as an example, the default page allows widgets to be added and subtracted without having to refresh (Al Zabar 2008, p. 12). Capacities to use ready-mad e software in order to create the portal that was needed for EBazar.com was discarded in favour of customizing the project so that it would reflect the unique nature of the business. This required an extensive project in which the scope of the project was initially limited through the current definitions of the web parts

My First Conk from Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My First Conk from Malcolm X - Essay Example Blacks thus degrade their natural bodies without realizing that such degradations are embarrassing as Malcolm says that it seems foolish to see women having green and pink wigs to look like whites. Moreover, none of the blacks are ever thinking of gaining similar education or intelligence as that of the whites (Malcolm, 131). Conked hair and wigs illustrates that blacks have been brainwashed because even in the modern world, most blacks still feel inferior to the whites. Blacks are always ready to endure the pain of conk hair even after knowing that it does not make a black person more adorable. This is based on the argument by Malcolm that no woman will admire a man based on his hair appearance no matter how well the conk is; it does not add any value to the man (Malcolm, 136). In conclusion, before Malcolm realized that conk hair was a degradation of his natural body, he was willing to endure the pain to look like the whites but after he discovered that blacks had been brainwashed to think they are inferior to the whites, he has never had a conk (Malcolm, 141). All black individuals need to do as Malcolm did and instead of trying to be like the whites, they should instead study hard to better than the

Overview Of Aloe Vera

Overview Of Aloe Vera Aloe Vera is known as a TRUE ALOE. It is mostly used in herbal medicines so it is also known as FIRST AID PLANT or MEDICINAL PLANT. The ALOE word was derived from the aerobic word-alloeh which means BITTER SUSSTANCES. Aloe is an emollient resin with the softening properties. It belongs to family Liliaceae [1]. 1.1.1 HISTORY:- Aloe vera was considered to one of best medicinal plants used in the treatment of various health conditions. It was first understood by Egyptians to having multiple nature of it properties [19]. But Aloe Vera was first discovered in 1862 by German Egyptologist -George Fbers. But its first English translation was found in 1655 by John Goodyear in Dioscorider de materia medica, and he wrote aloe is very better in taste. Aloe Vera has been used by many different cultures: Indians, Chinese, Greeks, Romans, have all used aloe Vera as a medicinal or healing plant. Botanists have find more than 300 species of aloe Vera like rumex, barbadensis etc. Out of this species, only five have strongest medical benefits likes Aloe barbadensis miller, Aloe perryi baker, Aloe ferox,Aloe saponaria , Aloe arborescens. Aloe barbadensis miller is mostly widely used and most potent as well. Throughout the history of aloe vera, the plant is in various form having tropical properties-refered as plant of immorality. It is belonging to lily family because flower produce annually in the spring which resembles of ester lily. [1-2]. 1.1.2 COMMON NAME:- Chinese aloe, True aloe, Indian aloe, First aid plant, Medicinal plant, Miracle plant ,Barbadose aloe, Burn aloe and many more [1]. 1.1.3 SCIENTIFIC NAME:- Aloe barbadensis, Aloe capensis [1]. 1.1.4 ALTERNATIVE NAME:- Aloe Vera has a different name in worldwide like, In India-Ghrtakumari But in Gujarat and Rajasthan its known as Gwarpatha,In Pakistan-quargandal which is used in unani medicine,In Indonesia-lidah buaya,In Thailand- crocodile tail plant,In south Africa-sabila [2]. 1.1.5 DESCRIPTION:- Aloe Vera grows in to the dreary climates or land. So it is mostly found in the India, Africa, Caribbean, and other dry climates. Aloe Vera is a short stem or stems less plant. It mainly contains leaves and flowers. Aloe leaves are in green in colour and thick with the same variety. The size of leaves is 50-60 cm long and 4-5 cm thick. The margin of the leaves is serrated. But plants bear flowers once in a year in summer season. Flowers contain tubular collar which is yellow in colour and contain aloe tic juice can be collected by cutting the leaves close to stem. The structure of aloe leaf shows an outer cortex which is hard duo to the present of calcium and magnesium. Tubes of xylem and phloem were found below the cortex and its supplied water and minerals to leaves [1]. 1.2 CHEMICAL CONSTITUTE:- Aloe Vera has weird medicinal properties. Botanists have found more than 200 important nutritional constituents in aloe Vera leaf which having to perform a function. They are MINERALS like Calcium, Sodium, Copper, Zinc, Iron, and Manganese (Essentials for bones, Regulates acidic or alkaline level of body fluid), VITAMINS like Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid(To develop new blood cells), ENZYMES like lipase, Peroxidise (Helps indigestion), SUGAR like Monosaccharides and polysaccharides include Sucrose, lactose(Maintain cholesterol level, Improve the strengthening of bones),LIGNINS which are the Cellular substances which hasnt medicinal benefits But it has an accessing property. AMINO ACID which are required by human body provided by aloe Vera like Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Theonine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylamine, STEROL like Camp sterol, sitosterol(Pain killing properties),ANTHRAQUINONES like Aloin, Anthranol, Aloetic acid, Barbaloin, Isobarbaloin and Aloe emodin Aloe emodine [4] Aloin [3] And OTHERS like Salicylic acid,Tannins,Monosulfonic acid, Acemannam,Water [1-2]. Aloes Vera mainly contain 96-99% of water and constitutes are in rare part. So its work in based on SYNERGISTIC ACTIONS which means working together of two or more substance and give greater action as compare to single substance. This phenomenon was explained by Dr.Atherton [1-2]. 1.3 CULTIVATION OF ALOE VERA [1-5]:- Aloe Vera grown commercially for its high demand in cosmetic industries and treatment of healing in India. It has medicinal properties due to its bitter taste. Aloe Vera grown in a rainless climates or land. Its cant stay in cold temperature. So it is grown in all part of South Africa and India like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and many more. Soil requirement for all species are coarse sandy loam soil with some fertility. In addition, it is noticed that its growth was easier and faster in black cotton soil in central India with the nearly by acidic ph. For the perfect growth of Aloe Vera, lane should not distribute below the level of 20-30cm. Aloe Vera need a flat land and should be exact level with 2-3 farming. Plant should plant with some distance because of irrigation. Distance between two fields was 10m X 3m. The proper time of suckers should be planted in month of July-August in monsoon season because suckers get proper water to grow up and survival. Suckers should have 3-4 mouth old having 3-4 leaves and 20-22 c long. About 30,000 suckers needed for one hectare planting. After planting suckers, soil around the root should press and waste must be made proper to avoid the sluggishness. Irrigation is necessary a critical stage to proper growth of plant. First irrigation is required after planting suckers followed by 4-6 per year which is reducing by every time. Weeding should be carried out after planting the plant and two or three weeding carried out throughout year. All the species of Aloe Vera are insusceptible to most of insects and pests from any part of county. But sometime bugs, leaves dots have been reported in some part of country because of light irrigation. Generally yield obtained from 2 to 5 year after plating. Average yield after 2 year is around 15-20 t/ha fresh leaves. Well managed irrigated crop give around 30-35 t/ha fresh leaves. Fully well developed leaves give an ALOE JUICE. After harvesting, marketing of Aloe Vera leaves is not fully developed in our country. 1.4 USES:- Aloe Vera is well known for its medicinal properties since centuries. The plant is able to cure a wide range of disease. The part of plant like leaves, leaf gel is used clinically. Some respective uses of Aloe Vera are (1) EXTERNAL USES-Use in treatment of burns, allergic reaction, wounds,acne,Rheumatoid arthritis, Rheumatic fever, Acid indigestion cuts, Inflammatory condition of digestive system, Sun burn ulcers, Kill mould,bacteria,viruses,fungus,Wrinkles etc (2)COMMERCIAL USE: Aloe Vera is widely use in cosmetics and many more like in ointments,pills,jelly,lotion,bevareges.as a foodstuff etc [1-6]. (3)MEDICINAL USE-They are Treatment of diabetes because it reduce blood sugar, Treatment of AIDS, Protect from lung cancer, Aloe juice is used for consumption issues, Prevent fungal infection, Prevent vaginal infection, Prevent scarring,Eczema,Constipation,Intestinal infection, Relieves from candiala,Treatment of hyperglycaemia, Maintain level of cholesterol, Injection of Aloe Vera extracts to treat cancer, Skin disorder. And some of general use like Antibacterial properties, Antifungal properties, and Prevent radiation induced injuries, Inhibit growth of streptococcus species in vitro [1-6]. 1.4.1 ALOE PREPARATIONS: some of the aloe preparation which are widely use like aloe vera shampoo, aloe vera lotion, aloe vera gel, aloe vera juice, aloe vera eating, aloe vera butter, aloe vera dried herbs powders, aloe vera shower gel, and aloe vera vegetarian capsules [1]. 1.4.2 SIDE EFFECT AND SAFETY PRECAUTION: Aloe Vera has a medicinal or healing properties, it does come with some disadvantage. Aloe Vera gel, aloe Vera cream does not having major side effect but other preparation like juice, shampoo butter, having certain impediment like, Diarrhea,Blood electrolyte imbalance, Constipation, Muscle weakness, Abnormal heart rhythms [7]. Aloe Vera injection is to be avoided because of having fatalities. It can cause death with cancer patients Aloe Vera should be avoided while pregnancy, children, breast feeding [7]. ALPHA-GLUCOSIDES INHIBITORS: 1.5 INTRODUCTION TO ALPHA-GLUCOSIDE ENZYME: It is a class of a medication for type-2 diabetes which decrease blood sugar level by decreasing carbohydrates from the intestinal. Discovery of alpha-glucosides inhibitors has been very useful to develop therapeutic for the treatment for the carbohydrate- mediated disease like diabetes. Two classes of drugs like glycosidase inhibitors and lipase inhibitors which lower blood glucose by changing the absorption level of fat and carbohydrates [8-9]. Alpha glucosides inhibitors like acarbose, miglitol, voglibose have been studies in Europe country but some of these are also available in united state [8]. Alpha -glucosidase inhibitors reduce the impact of carbohydrates blood sugar by inhibit the upper level of gastrointestinal [8]. 1.5.1 MECHANISM OF ACTION: Alpha glucosides inhibitors are competitive inhibitors of 1alpha glucosidase which are located in the brush border of small intestinal (epithelial cells). These inhibitors bind to the oligosaccharide binding site of the enzyme and delay digestion of polysaccharide resulting slow down food digestion in gut [10]. While the gastrointestinal tract dose not play a important role in the cure of diabetes, but changing its physiological activity can be used to control disease. In these case alpha-glucosides inhibitors are used. Alpha glucosides delay digestion of carbohydrates by hydrolyses of oligosaccharides into monosaccharide. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors can be used to reduce glycemic excussions and hypoglycaemia having type-1 diabetes. Moreover it is used in the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes and its decrease plasma triglyceride [11]. Alpha glucosides inhibitors have evidence helpful for the people with diabetes who havent able to keep their blood sugar level within a safe range. In such case inhibitors like acarbose and miglitol help to keep the blood sugar level in safe range by slowing a rate of intestinal which absorbed sugar from blood while eating. These inhibitors can cause low blood sugar while used in combination with other medication for diabetes or with insulin. Diabetic people who are regularly using insulin but once they are use alpha glucosidase inhibitors than they reduce use of insulin [12]. CHAPTER- 2 HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. 2.1 INTRODUCTION: Chromatography is the separation of a mixture into single components by using mobile and stationary phase. High performance liquid chromatography is widely use in analytical chemistry and industrial level to identify components. It is one of the fastest growing techniques in pharmaceutical industry for analysis of mixture os substance. It is also knows as high pressure liquid chromatography. It is a high improved as compare to column chromatography. Smaller particle size cans (3-20ÂÂ µ) be analysed by hplc and allows much better separation of a components. Detection method is used in hplc which are highly automated and extremely sensitive as compare to column chromatography [13-14]. Some of the advantage over column chromatography is, (a) small stationary phase are used with widely range available, (b) column which are used in hplc which are made up of metal and small in size so no fear to breakage, (c) hplc is available in analytical and preparative scale. But some of disadvantage over column chromatography like cost of equipment is high so handle with care, operating pressure is high (500-3000 psi)[14]. Basic principle is base on adsorption. When a mixture of components is introduced in to column, they are travel according to their affinity. The components which has a more affinity towards adsorbent, travel slower and vice versa [14]. ÂÂ ®NORMAL PHASE HPLC: Here, stationary phase is polar in nature and mobile phase is non polar in nature. In this method non polar components eluted first because of less affinity. The column is fitted with a silica gel and hexane used as a solvent. Column length is 150-250 mm and less than 4.6 mm diameter [13-14]. ÂÂ °REVERSE PHASE HPLC: Here, stationary phase is non polar and mobile phase is polar in nature. Polar components eluted first. Column size is same but modify to make a non polar by using long chain of hydrocarbons like C8,C12,C4,octadecyl and mixture of water and alcohol use as a solvent. In this case strong attraction between polar solvent and molecular in the mixture passed through column. So it is common phase of hplc [13-14]. 2.2TYPES OF HPLC TECHANIQES: -There are major four type of hplc as below, (1)Partition chromatography: In 1952, Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge were awarded a Noble prize in chemistry to development of these techniques. So it is first techniques which developed for the separation of components like amino acid. These chromatography principles are also applied to the thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography to separates the components. (2) Adsorption chromatography: The main hplc principle is based on adsorption. Here components can be separated because of difference in affinity of components towards normal or reverse phases [14]. (3) Ion exchange chromatography: It is most frequently used chromatography for the separation and purification of protein, nucleic acid, polypeptides, and other charged molecular. It is a succeful technique because of its high capacity, simplicity, and high resolution power. The main principle is base on reversible exchange of ions between ion present in the solution and those present in ion exchange resin [15]. ÂÂ ®Cation exchange:- Solid-H+ + M+ === solid-M+ + H+ (Solution) (Solution) ÂÂ ®Anion exchange: Solid-OH- + A- ==== solid-A- + OH- (Solution) (Solution). [14] Separation in ion exchange chromatography depends upon reversible adsorption of charged solute molecular to ion exchange group of opposite charge. Some of the functional group used in ion exchange chromatography is [16], NAME OF ANION FUNCTION GROUP Diethyl amino ethyl -O -CH2-CH2-N+H(CH2CH3)2 Quatemary amino ethyl -O-CH2-CH2-N+H(C2H5)2-CH2CHCH-CH3 NAME OF CATION FUNCTION GROUP Carboxymethyl -O-CH2-COO- SULPHOPROXY -O-CH2-CHOH-CH2-O-CH2-CH2SO3- (4)Size exclusion chromatography: It is also know as a gel chromatography. In 1959, Porath and Flodin described the separation of water soluble components by this chromatography. As soon as gel had commercially available, they were extensively used for the separating purpose [17]. Here gel used as molecular sieve and hence mixture of substance with different molecular sieze are separated. Soft gel like dextran, polyacrylamide are used [14]. It is used to analysis of synthetic polymers and oligomes, lipids, natural macromolecular like protein, glucose, cellulose derivatives, and crude oil alkenes [17]. HPLC techniques also has two different class like (a) analytical HPLC-it is used when analysis very small amount of sample are needed. And (b) preparative HPLC- it is used when separation of few gram of mixture by HPLC. But it is also can classified on base of separation and there are (a) analytical HPLC: Where only analysis of the samples is done. Recovery of the samples for reusing is normally not done, since the sample used is low. Eg. mg quantities. And other is (b) preparative HPLC: Where the individual fractions of pure compounds can be collected using fraction collector. The collected samples are reused eg. Separation of few grams of mixtures by HPLC [14]. 2.3 INSTRUMENTATION [13-14]: Brief introduction of instrumental techniques are as follows, (1)PUMP: Mechanical and pneumatic pump are used in hplc. Mechanical pump operates with constant flow rate where pneumatic pump operates with constant pressure. Its necessary to use pump because solvent must passed through column at high pressure. (2) SOLVENT DEGASSING: In isocratic techniques, mobile phase are prepared by using mixture of solvents, than passed through column with under high pressure resulting bubble formed, so it cannot give proper result or steady baseline. So before using solvent mixture in HPLC, degassing is necessary. So some of degassing technique is use like ultrasonication. HPLC (3)COLUMN: -Two types of column used in HPLC, ÂÂ ® Guard column: It is also known as safety column. Any impurities present in solvent or mobile phase which can predict by guard column. ÂÂ ®Analytical column: It widely use which can decided efficiency of separation. Different column size is available depending upon separation. Column made up of stainless stell, glass, poly ether ether kiton etc. (4)DETECTORS: -They are (a)UV detectors: Many organic compounds absorbed UV light of different wavelength. Two type of UV detectors are available depends on wavelength- short wavelength and long wavelength. By UV detector we can get direct reading is how much light is observed. (b) Flurometric detectors: It can be used for the substance which can absorbed florescence light. (c) Conductivity detectors (d) Refractive detectors (e)PDA detectors which are similar to UV detectors. (5)RECORDER: They are used to recorded response from detectors. It can record base line and retention time of peak. Now a day computer is used to recording data. 2.4 HPLC PARAMETERS: 2.4.1 INTERNAL DIAMETER: Internal diameter of the hplc column play an important role in detection or separation of compounds. For the laboratory use small column was used but in industrial level big column was used. 2.4.2 RETENTION TIME: it is a defined as a time between point of injection and appearance of peak. It measure in minute or seconds. 2.4.3 RETENTION VOLUME: Retention volume in the volume of mobile phase required eluting 50% of the compounds from the column, Retention time = Retention time.Flow rate. 2.4.4 PUMP PRESSURE: Pumps which are used in hplc very in pressure depends on separation. Modern HPLC system has been improved to work at high pressure so they are able to separate small particle size from mixture. 2.4.5 THEORETICAL PLATE: It is a functional unit of the column. Distribution of solute between stationary phase and mobile phase has attained equilibrium in the plate. High of the plate depends on efficiency of separation. It is knows as a HETP(HIGHT EQUIVELENT TO THEORITICAL PLATE). If HETP is less, than column is more efficient and if HETP is more, than column is less efficient. HETP is given by Van Deemter equation HETP = A + (B/u ) + Cu Where, A = Eddy diffusion term or multiple path diffusion which arises due to packing of the column. This is unaffected by mobile phase velocity or flow rate. This can be minimised by uniformity in packing. B = Longitudinal diffusion term or molecular diffusion which depends on flow rate. C = Effect of mass transfer which depends on flow rate. u = Flow rate or velocity of the mobile phase. 2.5 APPLICATION OF HPLC: High performance liquid chromatography has a large divergence of application. Initially it was just used to analysed antibiotic, vitamins by development of reverse phase [18]. High performance liquid chromatography can analysed very minor amount of substance like monograms at analytical scale to micrograms at preparative scale. It is used in a food analysis, biotechnology, biochemical separation, pharmaceutical field, and chemical industries like dyes, fatty acid, toiletry products [14].High performance liquid chromatography has a easy and good reproducibility so it has been widely use in clinical laboratory. One of the initially application of hplc in the field of clinical was quantification of theophyline in asthmatic infant [18]. Some of important applications are as likes,(a) Isolation of natural product,(b)Quantitative analysis or assay of product,(c)Identify, analysing and purification of compound mixture,(d)To check purity of compound mixture,(e) To find physical properties of compounds,(f)Used in analysing water pollution [18]. The quantity of amount is also determined by hplc which including following method [14], ÂÂ ® By comparing standard and sample peak area, the quantity of sample can be determined which is known as a DIRECT COMPRISION METHOD. ÂÂ ® To find concentration of sample by plotting graph between peak area vs. concentration of the standard drug and intrapolation of unknown sample which is known as CALIBRATION METHOD. Hplc play an important role in drug discovery with the combination of NMR. It is also useful to identify various chemical species with the combination with mass spectroscopy. It play valuable role in therapeutic drug monitoring to separation of drug from plasma which is quick process [14]. It has some advantages over other chromatography like, (a) Thin layer chromatography is inexpensive but it cant give batter resolution to compare HPLC. (b) Mass spectroscopy required a large capacity of maintain budget and skillfull person to run chromatography but in HPLC its not high budgt. (c) For the HPLC we have large number of mobile phase is available so we have versatility in choice of mobile phase as compare to other chromatography. (d) Atomatic injection system are available in HPLC, so its time saving and give high resolution as compare to other [20]. 2.6 LIMITATION OF HPLC: It is a time consuming method. Analysis of the compound mixture, mobile phase (mixture of components) are used resulting large amount of waste solution are obtained [14]. CHAPTER- 3 EXTERIMENT 3.1 AIM: The aim of project was to known batter separation of standard solution of Aloe Vera stem in mobile phase by using isocratic hplc techniques and find enzyme activity on it by using assay whether it is more potent or less potent. 3.2 CHROMATOGRAPHY EQUIPMENTS: 3.2.1 HPLC SYSTEM: This system is manufactured by Agilent technology 1200 series with model no G1310A and serial no DE62956545. 3.2.2 SOFTWEAR USED: The software used was Microsoft Windows XP. 3.2.3 COLUMN USED: The column used was Kromaril 5C18 which is made up of stainless still. 3.2.4 APPARATUS USED: Pipette with different size available like 1000land 5000ÂÂ µl, Analytical balance, Volumetric flask (10ml, 20ml), Funnel, 100ml Beaker, Measuring cylinder (500ml, 50ml, 20ml,10ml),Filter paper which made by Fischer scientific with size 0.45ÂÂ µm, Filter holder made up of pyrex brand glass. 3.2.5 PREPARATION OF MOBILE PHASE: The mobile phase used was a mixture of a methanol and water with ratio of 50:50. So take methanol and water, mix well, and filter to remove any solid particle followed by degassing to remove air bubble. Than it is ready for experiment. We are using isocratic system so mobile phase may vary in concentration like, 20:80, 30:70. 3.2.6 PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTION OF ALOE VERA: The standard solution of aloe vera stem was provided by Dr.solomon sir and after that i have to dilute in methanol to make up volume to 0.40mg/2ml. 3.3PROCEDURE: First set up the hplc system and run with mobile phase for half an hours. Than inject standard solution of aloe Vera stem and run for half an hours, take the graph. Now change the concentration of mobile phase and again repeat same procedure until you get batter separation. Then compare all graphs with each other and reach to conclusion. Here we were using two different wavelengths like 280nm and 360nm. 3.5 ASSAY: Assay technique was used to determined enzyme activity of a substance. Here we were using alpha-glucosidase enzyme. Basic principle involved in assay was, phosphate buffer contain free radical which has no colour but when it come across with standard solution, retain its colour after incubation. So colour change like colourless to yellow colour took place. SOLUTION USED IN ASSAY: Here we have to prepare solution for the assay was 25ÂÂ µl, 1.2 U/ml alpha-glucosidase, 25 ÂÂ µl of phosphate buffer, standard solution of aloe vera, 25 ÂÂ µl of 2.5 mM pNPG and finally if proper colour change was not occur than add terminating solution 100 ÂÂ µl of 0.2 M Na2Co3. 3.5.1 PROCUDURE: 1 2 3 4 E 1 2 3 4 5 6 BLANK Concentration in raw at no 1-0.50mg/ml, raw no 2- 0.25mg/ml, raw no 3- o.125mg/ml, and raw no 4- 0.0625mg/ml. Here all the column from 1 to 6 filled by 25ÂÂ µl,1.2 U/ml alpha-glucosidase, then add 25ÂÂ µl of phosphate buffer , add 25ÂÂ µl of test solution, and finally add 25ÂÂ µl of 2.5 mM pNPG. And then transfer 2.5ÂÂ µl solution from low concentration to high concentration. Than kept mixture for some time and incubate plate at 37ÂÂ °C for 10 min. and tested absorbance.

Richard Whites Friendship and Commitment :: Friends Morals Loyalty Papers

Richard White's Friendship and Commitment In this paper, I will examine the duties of friendship. I will look at arguments in favor of the view that there are special moral duties involved in friendship, but will ultimately reject this view. I will then explain what role I see friendship having in morality even without these duties. In Richard White’s article â€Å"Friendship and Commitment†, White argues that friendship is an â€Å"inherently moral activity† (81). He argues that part of being a friend is having certain obligations, like being helpful or emotionally available. These are obligations that are above and beyond what we owe to a stranger. He also thinks that being a friend involves a commitment. He says specifically, â€Å"when I spend time with someone, accept their help, and make myself available to that person, by sharing the more intimate aspects of myself, I am also creating an expectation that is equivalent to a commitment, given the institution of friendship and all that it commonly entails† (82). In being someone’s friend, aside from the commitments and obligations, he argues, you are also morally endorsing her. That is, you are implicitly saying that there is something valuable about them – that your friend is someone worth knowing. Let us suppose that all of this is actually the case – that friendship really does imply certain commitments, obligations, and endorsements. Do any of these matter morally? I’ll address endorsements first, followed by obligations and commitments. When someone is your friend, this seems to imply that you think there is something valuable about that person. But the things I find valuable in her might have nothing to do with morality – for instance, she might be intelligent and able to argue effectively. She might make me laugh. She might be fun to be with. None of these are morally relevant, and yet a combination of them would probably be sufficient for me to be friends with someone. As such, it seems that being a friend with someone does not actually imply a moral endorsement of that person.

Did Government Violate Laissez-Faire Essay

After the Civil War, many businessmen endorsed the Laissez-Faire concept of government in order to promote industry. In this concept, government did not interfere with industry. But what came with this concept was unlimited freedom for businessmen and high prices for consumers. While many businessmen supported a Laissez-Faire concept of government between 1865 and 1900, the people did not benefit from it, which led government to violate this concept with their policies, but only to a moderate extent overall. They violated laissez-faire to a moderate extent by issuing Railroad Land Grants before 1870 and eliminating them after, to a great extent by Regulating Interstate Commerce with the Interstate Commerce Act in 1886, and only to a limited extent by attempting to control trust activities with the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, producing a moderate government involvement overall. Government began to violate the concept of Laissez-Faire with its Railroad Land Grants. Laissez-Faire promoters believed that â€Å"†¦the government is best which governs least. † While industrialists promoted this concept, it was already being violated when the Federal Government gave thousands of acres of land to Railroad companies in return for building railroads. These subsidies, in the form of loans and land grants, totaled over 130 million acres of public land. (Doc D. ) The federal government issued these grants in hope that the railroad would increase the value of the land and provide better rates for carrying mail and transporting troops. More railroads continued to be built, including four other transcontinental railroads. Of these four, James Hill’s Great Northern Railroad was the only one to be built without federal subsidies. These grants benefited the Railroad financiers greatly, especially Jay Gould who went into the business to make quick profit by selling off the assets and watering stocks. The grants were justified by financiers by saying that the railroads provided for settlement of the west and attracted immigrants, giving the land more credit, which was the government’s main purpose to begin with. However, as more competition entered the industry, the railroad system began to fail, and, in the 1870’s the Federal government recognized this problem and terminated their policy of grants to railroads. This policy prohibited the issuing of subsidies to associations or corporations engaged in public or private enterprises. (Doc F) By issuing this resolution, Congress eliminated itself from the railroad industry, promoting the concept of Laissez-Faire. So while congress was a large part of industry before 1870, violating Laissez-Faire, they eliminated themselves from it, and promoted Laissez-Faire from that point on. This shows that congress violated Laissez to a moderate extent, because they violated it before 1870 but not after. Later, government violated Laissez-Faire in another way, by regulating interstate commerce. Before 1886, many states had Granges, social and educational organizations for farmers and their families who aimed to defend its members against the middlemen, trusts, and railroads. Grangers in many states successfully lobbied their state legislatures to pass laws regulating railroad rates. In the case of Munn v Illinois in 1877, the Supreme Court upheld the right of a state to regulate businesses of a public nature, like railroads. But these laws, called Granger laws, could only regulate local and short-haul rates within their states. In the case of Wabash v. Illinois in 1886, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not regulate interstate commerce: that was left up to the federal government. Because many railroad companied raised their long-haul rates after the granger laws were adopted, the federal government needed to respond to the outcry of farmers and shippers. It recognized that the railroad industry’s benefits had been attained to, in effect, â€Å"†¦ build up the strong at the expense of the weak†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc J. ) The federal government worked to fix this problem by passing the Interstate Commerce Act in 1886. This Act required railroad rates to be â€Å"reasonable and just,† and set up the first federal regulatory agency, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC. ) This law affected the railroad industry greatly, and the results were astounding. In effect, it increased railroad earnings, and put an end to rebates and drawbacks. (Doc L. ) This act was huge in government intervention in industry. By issuing this act, the federal government aimed to help the cries of the farmers and shippers, and in effect violated laissez faire by involving itself directly in the railroad industry from state to state, and also nullified previous laws regulating the railroad industry passed in individual states. This shows that the government did violate industry to a great extent when it came to regulating Interstate Commerce. As a select few became very wealthy by forming trusts in their particular industries, the government violated Laissez-Faire by trying to control trust activities. In the 1880s, many middle class citizens feared the power that trusts gave industrialists, and urban elites resented the increasing influence of the new rich men in America. Because so many businessmen were developing trusts and were the only ones benefiting from business, John Sherman, a Senator from Ohio, was inspired to pass the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890 by reformers who failed to curb trusts on the state level. The Act prohibited any â€Å"contract, combination, in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce. Sherman believed the act would provide every man with his â€Å"†¦right to work, labor, and produce†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and to transport his production on equal terms. (Doc N. ) The Act, however, hardly did that. It was purposely written vaguely in order to promote loose interpretation. This was partly because those holding the trusts were bribing state legislatures. Since the state legislatures appointed senators, and senators were all represented equally in each state, monopolists would bribe the state legislatures in order to get the candidate they wanted in the senate, who in turn would affect the passage of anti-trust laws. There were very few federal prosecutions issued under the act between its passing in 1890 and 1901, a total of 17 in 11 years. (Doc Q. ) In one particular case of United States v E. C. Knight Co in 1895, the Supreme Court ruled that the Sherman Antitrust Act could be applied only to commerce, not to manufacturing. (Doc P. ) Because of this case, the US Department of Justice secured few convictions until the law was changed during the Progressive Era. So while the federal government attempted to regulate the industry and prevent trusts, it barely did so. Because of the weak wording of the act, trusts failed to stop developing. The federal government involved itself in the industry because of the complaints and fears of the powers that those who held trusts had, and though it involved itself in the industry by issuing a law and enforcing it slightly, the supreme court rulings and loose interpretation of the law allowed little alterations to the industry, showing that the federal government only violated laissez-faire to a limited extent. As it can be assumed, the businessmen of industrial era promoted laissez-faire only when it benefited their business. They manipulated people in order to gain what they wanted-a monopoly. As economic problems began to surface with the laissez-faire system, government began to intervene. Though they were involved to a great extent in the railroad system initially, they eliminated themselves from it after 1870, only violating the laissez-faire system to a moderate extent overall. When it came to interstate commerce, the government violated laissez-faire to a great extent by issuing the interstate Commerce Act. And with this issue of trust activities, the government only intervened to a limited extent by passing the Sherman Antitrust Act and then failing to execute it. All of these things show that government violated laissez-faire to a moderate extent, and this was because the laissez-faire system did not benefit society as a whole and government needed to fix economic and social problems.

Free Essays on Use Of Poetic Devices In Poe’s The Raven

Use of Poetic Devices in Poe’s The Raven In Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven, he uses many devices commonly seen in poetry. These devices are what makes his poem effective to the reader and draws the reader into the story being told. He also uses these devices to set an uneasy tone in the poem so the reader can never predict what is to happen next. In The Raven, Poe sets the poem at midnight in the cold, gloomy month of December, â€Å"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (997) This setting fulfills Poe’s desire to create a dismal tone. He uses midnight as it is a very dark and mysterious time of day. â€Å"Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (997) Poe chose December because it is a time when trees and wildlife are dead and many people stay inside, this gives the poem a feeling of death and solitude. The month of December can also be give the reader the impression of the ending of a major part of the narrator’s life, being that December is the end of the year. Poe uses two major tones in his poem, that of melancholy and of mourning. Rather than simply describing the narrator to be sitting in a room, Poe says he sits in a chamber which sparks thoughts of solitude and loneliness. He gives the room a creepy feel, as he describes things he sees around the room, â€Å"And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor†¦ silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me – filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before.† (997) Poe describes the fire as casting ghosts on the floor to make the reader feel an uneasy presence in the room. The second part of the quote further sets a feeling of melancholy, describing the curtains as being sad, while incorporating the narrator’s fear to show that something unexpected is to happen next. Poe incorporates the use of symbolism to make his readers really think about the objects in his poem and what ... Free Essays on Use Of Poetic Devices In Poe’s The Raven Free Essays on Use Of Poetic Devices In Poe’s The Raven Use of Poetic Devices in Poe’s The Raven In Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven, he uses many devices commonly seen in poetry. These devices are what makes his poem effective to the reader and draws the reader into the story being told. He also uses these devices to set an uneasy tone in the poem so the reader can never predict what is to happen next. In The Raven, Poe sets the poem at midnight in the cold, gloomy month of December, â€Å"Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (997) This setting fulfills Poe’s desire to create a dismal tone. He uses midnight as it is a very dark and mysterious time of day. â€Å"Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (997) Poe chose December because it is a time when trees and wildlife are dead and many people stay inside, this gives the poem a feeling of death and solitude. The month of December can also be give the reader the impression of the ending of a major part of the narrator’s life, being that December is the end of the year. Poe uses two major tones in his poem, that of melancholy and of mourning. Rather than simply describing the narrator to be sitting in a room, Poe says he sits in a chamber which sparks thoughts of solitude and loneliness. He gives the room a creepy feel, as he describes things he sees around the room, â€Å"And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor†¦ silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me – filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before.† (997) Poe describes the fire as casting ghosts on the floor to make the reader feel an uneasy presence in the room. The second part of the quote further sets a feeling of melancholy, describing the curtains as being sad, while incorporating the narrator’s fear to show that something unexpected is to happen next. Poe incorporates the use of symbolism to make his readers really think about the objects in his poem and what ...

Top Pointers For Writing Proper Diagnostic Essays

Top Pointers For Writing Proper Diagnostic Essays Diagnostic Essay: Pointers for a Successful Essay A diagnostic essay aims at enlightening the strengths and weaknesses of the student to the teachers so that they can be assisted accordingly, and shape the curriculum altogether. They are mostly administered at the beginning of a term or a semester. For a diagnostic essay, the students are not expected to excel, but rather express the skills and knowledge they have currently, and how they can use them accordingly. This test follows the standard five-paragraph essay format; the introduction, three body paragraphs, and the conclusion.   All the students are given the same topic to write about, although at given instances, you are provided with two or three topics to choose from. Since diagnostic essays are time-bound, you are required to have a well-thought plan in your mind regarding what you are about to tackle. This involved awarding enough time to brainstorm your topic, think it over, write the essay to your best knowledge, and finally proofread your work before submitting it. Writing the introduction The introduction is an integral part of your essay as it highlights ideas that the reader expects as he or she reads through your work from the start to the end. You should begin working on your introduction, only if you have completely understood your topic of discussion, brainstormed it, and you have substantial ideas that are to be presented in your main body paragraphs. In simple terms, make an effort of being conversant with what you are introducing. It is a creative approach to first paraphrase the topic of discussion given to write about. After this, you need to come up with three essential points that will be expounded on and supported with relevant information in your body paragraphs. You are to introduce them in your introductory paragraph briefly. For instance, if you were to write about the hardest encounters you have had in your life, do not place your focus on only one decision. You can present three variables and accord them a scope. So, each paragraph of your main body will be associated with each alternative you have come up with. The end of your introduction should be made of the thesis statement, which is the main idea of your diagnostic essay. Writing the main body As mentioned earlier, the main body of your diagnostic essay should be made up of three paragraphs. Each paragraph should represent one of the three key ideas you mentioned in the introductory paragraph. At this stage, you are to expound on them and back each with its related information to give it credibility. The first body paragraph should be the sturdiest of them all.   For example, using the topic on the hardest encounter of your life, the first paragraph should talk about which was your hardest encounter, as per your point of view. Use the elements that support your point of consideration from your thesis statement to give the reader reason as to why you consider that particular encounter as the hardest. The second body paragraph should talk about the second hardest encounter of your life.   Use the information that supports your point of consideration from your thesis statement, to give the reader your reason for considering this particular encounter as your second hardest. The third paragraph is the least hard of the three encounters. You should convince the reader why you still considered this encounter as one of your hardest, bearing in mind it is the third on your list. As required, apply the information that supports your point of consideration from your thesis statement, and explain to the reader your reason for putting that particular encounter as your third hardest encounter. Writing the conclusion A good essay requires a well-articulated conclusion. You should, however, remember that your essay is under limited time and you need to end your essay with a captivating overview. This is the reason why a diagnostic essay should be brief.   The main idea here is to give the reader an impression the whole topic has been fully addressed. If your question was from a prompt, make sure that you have answered the provided question.   Keep in mind that you are not allowed to introduce new information in your conclusion paragraph. Your conclusion should consist of your restated thesis statement, and an outline of the main points that you have provided an argument for in your body paragraph. For instance; relating to our example, list your three hardest encounters, list the supporting reasons describing why you think some encounters are harder than the others and conclude a statement that describes why a particular encounter was the hardest. The outline for a diagnostic essay To summarize what we have learned, below is a brief outline for a diagnostic essay: Introduction Restated topic or prompt The main points Thesis statement The most important point of discussion The second most important point of discussion The third most important point of discussion Conclusion: a list of the main points discussed and the solution to the prompt provided. Proofread your essay With the limit in time for writing the essay, you will probably write your work hastily. This will make your work vulnerable to mistakes such as those in grammar, punctuation, and spellings. Even though your diagnostic essay will not be graded, you still need to ensure that your work can be read and interpreted as you intended. For this reason, ensure that you spare some time to go through your essay and do the necessary corrections before submitting it. Be sure to follow the structural outline required or provided to ensure your work has a logical flow of ideas. Also, avoid padding your work (filling it up with unnecessary words).

Human origins, human problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human origins, human problems - Essay Example The paper is summarized in a concluding paragraph and Harvard referencing style has been used properly. 2. Introduction to the Hobbit Before going into the details of the subject matter, let’s first get to understand what Homo floresiensis actually is. Homo floresiensis, literally meaning Man of Flores, was discovered by Michael Moore’s team at the Liang Bua cave1 on the island of Flores in Indonesia2 on September 2003. Nicknamed as the Hobbit, it is believed to be a species known for its small sized body and brain whose fossils, according to archeologists, have been found somewhere 38,000 to 18,000 years ago3. More specifically speaking, the size is said to be â€Å"only about 1 meter in height and fully bipedal, with a very small brain size of 417cc†4. Homo floresiensis may be called contemporaries of Homo sapiens. Scientists suggest that since it is usual that large mammals may exist on islands in their dwarf form, hence Homo floresiensis may also be a dwarf f orm of Homo erectus. Mayell5 states that the skulls of the tiny humans were the size of grapefruits and they lived on pygmy elephants, Komodo dragons, and big rats found on the island. 3. Homo Floresiensis (LB1) in Human Evolution 3.1. ... The found specimen, LB1, contains leg bones, hands, feet, pelvis, and other remains which are both primitive and derived. LB1 is said to be the fossil of an adult who might be the age of 30. An analysis of its pelvis revealed that it was the skeleton of a female. It would have been a bit larger on size if it was a male although all fossil found so far are of the same size as LB1. Since, the individual was of young age, the bones of the skeleton had not fossilized as yet and are reported to be in the consistency of mashed potatoes or wet blotting paper. The brain size is as small as 380cc that is a chimpanzee’s brain’s size. With the fossils of LB1, some stone tools were also found which a homini with such a small sized brain cannot make. Thus the tools are believed to be created by Homo sapiens. Anthropologists, for example, Peter Brown, Michael Morwood and their colleagues argue about LB1 that â€Å"it was contemporaneous with modern humans (Homo sapiens) on Floresâ⠂¬ 6. 3.2. Evolution Homo floresiensis are said to have evolved from Homo erectus and the result is a tremendous decrease in the body and brain size. Because of the reduced brain size, archeologists also suggest that the â€Å"floresiensis might actually have evolved from something smaller, such as the Dmanisi hominids found in Georgia, some of which have brain sizes between 600 and 700 cc, smaller than the 800-900cc typical of early erectus†7. Also, when stone tools were found on another location in Flores in 1998, it was said that these tools may be the creation of Homo erectus because these were the pre-sapiens hominids existing in Indonesia who are thought to have crossed the sea-passage that separates Flores from Java. Some archeologists believe that these

Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literature - Essay Example The point of view literary device in the story is crucial in deciding the perception and stance of the story as it progresses (Dupriez 29). This is a strong influence in determining the overall tone of the story. The author switches point of view a couple of times. At some point, it will be of one of the slaves, and then it switches to the master of the plantation (Murphy 97). This way, the readers are able to take a look into the person's mind and understand their feelings and thoughts better. For example, in Chapter 7 where Eliza is trying to escape and save her child, the narrative is in her point of view: She wondered within herself at the strength that seemed to be come upon her;...and every flutter of fear seemed to increase the supernatural power that bore her on, while from her pale lips burst forth, in frequent ejaculations, the prayer to a Friend above,—â€Å"Lord, help! Lord, save me!†. (Perkins 381) After several paragraphs, the point of view shifts to other characters. Stowe writes â€Å"Andy looked up innocently at Sam, surprised at hearing this new geographical fact, but instantly confirmed what he said by a vehement reiteration† (Perkins 387). Such strategy makes the lines more personal, and provides the readers with a reading experience that makes them understand each person independently. The imagery literary device in the story helps readers create mental pictures of scenes in the story which helps them experience the events more vividly (Dupriez 32). Imagery plays a crucial part in providing mental sketches of important events and scenes such as the deaths of each slave or even the Shelby mansion (Murphy 99-100). This is also evident in the dramatic scene in Chapter 7 where Eliza is running away. The imagery in this scene helps the readers experience the dread, worry, and fear that Eliza is feeling that very moment. ...the bare thought of putting him out of her arms made her shudder, and she strained him to her bosom wit h a convulsive grasp as she went rapidly forward. (Perkins 381) Imagery is used on several parts of the novel. Another example is in showing the experiences a slave endures at the hands of a cruel master. In Chapter 40, Stowe writes â€Å"Legree stood aghast, and looked at Tom; and there was such a silence that the tick of the old clock could be heard, measuring, with silent touch, the last moments of mercy and probation to that hardened heart† (Perkins 396). The reader can almost feel the deafening silence as the slave waits for his Master's reaction. The foreshadowing literary device (Dupriez 19) is seldom used in this novel, but when used, it is in such a powerful manner that makes the readers dread for what they are sure is about to happen (Murphy 105). For example, in Chapter 40 again, Stowe writes â€Å"It was but a moment. There was one hesitating pause,—one irresolute, relenting thrill,—and the spirit of evil came back, with sevenfold vehemence;† (Perkins 396). Readers can immediately feel that despite the hesitation, the quiet moment of reluctance, the comeback of evil will bring Tom something that is even more dangerous, and even fatal. Furthermore, foreshadowing is evident in this line â€Å"Like his Master, he knew that if he saved others, himself he could not save; nor could utmost extremity wring from him words save of prayer and holy trust† (Perkins 397). Here, readers are made to see the eventual fate that